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PTE考试作文备考:学会写定语从句

2019-07-04 607浏览

PTE考试作文题,更侧重于考查学生的词汇量和写长句的能力,这就意味着考生在备考的过程中不仅要加强词汇的积累,也要多练习写长句,而定语从句作为从句专项里较为复杂的部分,让很多同学感到头疼,本文就为大家介绍PTE考试定语从句的相关问题。

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句对比分析

先给大家简要介绍一下这两个术语:

限制性定语从句:这类从句构成了先行词不可缺少的部分,与主句的关系非常紧密,去掉它主句意思往往变得不明确。

非限定性定语从句:这类从句是先行词的附加说明,它与主句往往用逗号隔开,而且与主句的关系也比较松散,就算缺少也不会影响全句的理解。


PTE考试备考:学会写定语从句


下面举一例给大家对比分析一下:

e.g. The travelers who knew about the floods took another road.

e.g. The travelers,who knew about the floods,took another road.

第一句的限制性定语从句直接修饰先行词“travelers”,所以翻译成“知道有大水的游客走了另外一条路”,有可能还有游客不知道这一情况,因为这里被修饰的游客只是部分游客;而第二句非限定性定语从句作为插入语放在“The travelers took another road”中间,“游客们走了另外一条路”这句话本来就是完整的,非限定性定语从句的存在更强调了事件的原因,所以翻译成“知道有大水,游客走了另外一条路”,这里的游客则更倾向于指代全体。

非限制性定语从句的引导词

非限制性定语从句只能用关系代词which或who、whom、whose等引导,不能用that引导,如

e.g. Nobody knows his phone number,which makes it difficult to get in touch with him.(which不能改成that)

e.g. Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.(who不能改成that)

注意 :

(1)whom, which用作介词宾语时 , 介词可放在 whom、which之前 ,也可放在从句原来的位置上;但在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上。如: He is the very person whom we must take good care of.

(2)关系代词在句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。

as引导非限制性定语从句

与which一样,as也可以作关系代词,但是它的位置比which灵活的多,可以放在句首或者句末(which不能放在句首);意思也更加丰富,可以指代前面提及的状况或是后面将要提到的情况(which只能指代前面提到的情况)。例如:

e.g.As could be expected, he opposed the idea.正如大家料想到的,他反对这个主意。(这里的as不可以被which替代,原因如上~)

e.g. He is a bit out of his mind,as all those who know him can see.那些了解他的人都能看得出来,他现在有点不在状态。(这里的as可以被which代替)

that引导的定语从句

由that引导的定语从句中,that可以指人或物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语,如:The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.

注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。

(1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 。

e.g.All that we have to do is to practise English.

(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。

e.g.The first letter that I got from him will be kept.

(3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。

e.g.I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.

(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。

e.g.He is the only person that I want to talk with.

(5)先行词既有人又有物时。

e.g.They talked about persons and things that they met.

(6)当句中已有who时 , 为避免重复 。

e.g. Who is the man that is giving us the class?

when, where, why引导的定语从句

e.g.I don't know the reason why he was late.

e.g.This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.

e.g.I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.

注意:先行词是表示地点时,如果从句的谓语动词是及物的,就用that(which),如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的,就用where引导。

e.g.This is the house Which /that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)

看完以上内容的介绍,你是否对定语从句有了更为清晰的认识了呢?建议大家在备考中多练习写这类长句,相信会给你pte作文考试增色不少。本文关于PTE考试定语从句的介绍就到这里了,更多PTE高分作文、PTE报名条件的问题,可咨询留学经验网。

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